SPECIFIC STANDARDS OF APPELLATE REVIEW
CHAPTER 15
15:1000 REVIEW OF DAMAGE AWARDS
15:1100 Overview
15:1200 Errors of Law
15:1210 Generally
15:1220 Decision-Making Errors
15:1300 Errors of Fact
15:1310 Findings of Fact Reviewable for “Palpable and Overriding Error”
15:1320 Errors in the Fact-Finding Process
15:1400 Questions of Mixed Fact and Law
15:1500 Review of Pecuniary Damages
15:1600 Review of “Non-Pecuniary” Damage Awards
15:1610 Error of Law to Exceed the Cap in Catastrophic Cases
15:1620 Standard of Appellate Review of Quantum
15:1630 Application of the Nance Test
15:1640 Review of Jury Awards of Non-Pecuniary Damages
15:1650 Assessment of Non-Pecuniary Damages by an Appellate Court
15:1651 Jury Awards
15:1652 Award of Trial Judge
15:1700 Specific Types of Damage Awards
15:1710 Aggravated Damages
15:1711 Generally
15:1712 Standard of Appellate Review
15:1713 “Wallace Damages” In Wrongful Dismissal Cases
15:1720 Punitive Damages
15:1721 The Basis for Punitive Damages
15:1722 Standard of Appellate Review
15:1723 Appellate Intervention
15:2000 DISCRETIONAY DECISIONS GENERALLY
15:2100 Overview
15:2110 Inherent Qualities of Discretionary Decisions
15:2111 Implication is That Two or More Reasonable Choices Exist
15:2112 Polycentricity
15:2113 Exercises of Discretion Raise Questions of Mixed Fact and Law
15:2120 The Supreme Court’s Formulations of the Standard of Review
15:2130 A Comprehensive Statement of the Standard of Appellate Review
15:2200 Content of the Standard of Review
15:2210 Error of Law or Principle
15:2220 Review of Fact-Finding
15:2230 Review of the Decision-Making Process
15:2240 Review of Conclusions, or “Questions of Mixed Law and Fact”
15:2241 Reasonableness as the Standard of Review
15:2242 Manifest Injustice as the Standard of Review
15:3000 PRE-TRIAL AND INTERLOCUTORY ORDERS
15:3100 Overview
15:3110 Discretionary Decisions
15:3120 Reasons for Deference
15:3200 Standard of Review of a Chambers Judge’s Interlocutory Decisions
15:3210 Formulation of the Standard
15:3220 Decision-Making Process Errors
15:3230 “Reasonableness” and “Clearly Wrong” as Standards
15:3240 “Failing to Act Judicially” and “Arbitrary and Capricious” as Standards
15:3250 “Injustice” and “Manifest Injustice” as Standards
15:3300 Certification of Class Actions
15:3310 Overview
15:3320 Standard of Review
15:3400 Chambers Decisions of Single Appellate Judges
15:3410 British Columbia and Manitoba
15:3420 Alberta
15:3430 Ontario
15:3440 Prince Edward Island
15:3450 Nova Scotia
15:3460 Newfoundland and Labrador
15:4000 SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS
15:4100 Overview
15:4200 Standard of Review of Whether Claim Discloses a Cause of Action
15:4300 Non-Suit
15:4310 Motion for Non-suit Generally
15:4320 The Test to be Applied by a Trial Judge
15:4330 Standard of Review
15:4340 Appellate Intervention
15:4341 Merits of Non-suit Decision
15:4342 Procedural Error
15:4343 Remedy On Appeal When Election is Made not to Call Evidence
15:4400 Summary Judgment Standards of Appellate Review
15:4410 Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland
15:4420 Federal Court, British Columbia, Ontario, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island
15:4500 Summary Trial Standards of Review
15:5000 COSTS
15:5100 Overview
15:5110 Synopsis of the Substantive Law of Costs
15:5120 The General Rule
15:5130 Exceptions
15:5200 Standards of Appellate Review
15:5210 Fact-Finding
15:5220 Error of Law
15:5230 Decision-Process Error
15:5240 Law-Application
15:5241 Exercises of Discretion
15:5242 Other Conclusions
15:6000 INTEREST
15:6100 Overview
15:6200 Standards of Appellate Review
15:6300 Appellate Intervention
15:6310 Error of Law or Principle
15:6320 Error in the Exercise of Discretion
15:6330 Inadequate Reasons
15:7000 CUSTODY, SUPPORT, AND DIVISION OF FAMILY ASSETS
15:7100 Custody
15:7110 Overview
15:7120 Rationales for Deference
15:7130 Adequacy of Reasons
15:7140 Standards of Appellate Review
15:7141 Generally
15:7142 Variations
15:7200 Spousal and Child Support
15:7210 Overview
15:7220 Standards of Appellate Review
15:7221 The Basic Standard
15:7222 Review of Quantum
15:7223 Variations
15:7300 Division of Family Assets
15:7310 Overview
15:7320 Standards of Appellate Review
15:7321 The Basic Standard
15:7322 Determination of Family Assets
15:7323 Valuation
15:7324 Reapportionment