APPELLATE REVIEW OF THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS

CHAPTER THIRTEEN

  • 13:1000 THE FACT-FINDING PROCESS
  • 13:1100 Overview
  • 13:1110 Fact-Identification
  • 13:1120 Fact-Finding Sources: Evidence, Judicial Notice, and Adverse Inferences
  • 13:1130 Fact-Finding Process Errors as Distinct from Erroneous Conclusions
  • 13:1131 Process Errors Generally
  • 13:1132 The Reason for Making the Distinction
  • 13:1140 The Standard of Appellate Review of Fact-Finding Process Error
  • 13:2000 FACT-FINDING PROCESS ERRORS
  • 13:2100 Errors in Relation to Non-Evidentiary Sources
  • 13:2110 Ex parte Evidence Gathering
  • 13:2111 General Prohibition
  • 13:2112 Statutory Exceptions
  • 13:2120 Judicial Notice
  • 13:2121 Facts Capable of Being Judicially Noticed
  • 13:2122 Procedure for Taking Judicial Notice
  • 13:2123 Standard of Appellate Review
  • 13:2124 Error in Taking Judicial Notice
  • 13:2125 Error in not Taking Judicial Notice
  • 13:2130 Adverse Inference Errors
  • 13:2131 Overview
  • 13:2132 Deferential Standard of Appellate Review
  • 13:2133 Exception: Due Process Error
  • 13:2134 Exception: Preconditions not Met
  • 13:2135 Exception: Adverse Inference Required as a Matter of Law
  • 13:2200 Evidence-Related Fact-Finding Process Errors
  • 13:2210 “No Evidence” as a Fact-Finding Process Error
  • 13:2211 “Conjecture” or “Speculation”
  • 13:2212 Review of Trial Judge’s Decision of “No Evidence”
  • 13:2220 Ignoring Relevant Evidence
  • 13:2230 Considering Irrelevant Evidence
  • 13:2240 Relying upon Rejected Evidence
  • 13:2250 Misapprehension of the Evidence
  • 13:2251 The Several Faces of Misapprehension
  • 13:2252 Standard of Review and Remedy
  • 13:2253 Simple Mistakes
  • 13:2254 Ignoring Relevant Evidence
  • 13:2255 A Genuine Misunderstanding of the Evidence
  • 13:2300 Failure to Make Material Findings of Fact
  • 13:2310 Generally
  • 13:2320 Unclear Findings of Fact
  • 13:2330 Failing to Resolve Conflicts in the Evidence
  • 13:3000 OTHER DECISION-MAKING PROCESS ERRORS
  • 13:3100 Burden and Standard of Proof
  • 13:3110 The “Legal” Burden of Proof
  • 13:3120 Standard of Proof
  • 13:3200 Failure to Deal with a Material Issue
  • 13:3210 Nature of the Error
  • 13:3220 Remedy
  • 13:3300 Deciding on Grounds not Advanced by the Parties
  • 13:3310 Nature of the Error
  • 13:3320 Remedy
  • 13:3400 Decision-Making Process Errors in Exercising Discretion
  • 13:4000 INADEQUATE REASONS FOR DECISION
  • 13:4100 Overview
  • 13:4110 The Duty to Provide Reasons
  • 13:4120 The Several Purposes of Reasons for Decision
  • 13:4130 Providing Written Reasons after a Notice of Appeal
  • 13:4200 Determining “Adequacy”
  • 13:4210 The Test
  • 13:4220 Approach, Assumptions, and Onus
  • 13:4230 Adequacy of Fact-Identification
  • 13:4231 Generally
  • 13:4232 Conflicts in the Evidence: Credibility
  • 13:4240 Law-Declaration
  • 13:4250 Adequacy of Law-Application Analysis
  • 13:5000 TRIAL BY JUDGE AND JURY
  • 13:5100 Overview
  • 13:5110 Division of Decision-Making between Judge and Jury
  • 13:5111 Questions of Law, Fact and Application of the Law to the Facts
  • 13:5112 The Screening Function
  • 13:5120 Standards of Review
  • 13:5130 Some Specific Contexts
  • 13:5131 Defamation
  • 13:5132 Motor Vehicle Negligence
  • 13:5133 Wrongful Dismissal
  • 13:5200 Failure to Object to Questions and Charge
  • 13:5300 Structuring Questions for a Jury
  • 13:5310 Generally
  • 13:5320 Standard of Appellate Review and Intervention
  • 13:5400 The Jury Charge
  • 13:5410 The Basic Requirements
  • 13:5411 Purpose of the Charge
  • 13:5412 Balance and Objectivity
  • 13:5413 Instructing as to the Decision Process
  • 13:5414 Instructions as to the Law
  • 13:5415 Instructions as to the Evidence
  • 13:5420 Standard of Appellate Review and Intervention
  • 13:5430 Inadequate Jury Charges Generally
  • 13:5431 Failure to Address an Issue
  • 13:5432 Misdirection as to the Law
  • 13:5433 Expressing an Opinion that Removes a Decision from the Jury
  • 13:5440 Specific Inadequate Charges
  • 13:5441 Defamation
  • 13:5442 Professional Negligence
  • 13:5443 Motor Vehicle Negligence
  • 13:5444 Damage Assessments
  • 13:5500 A Jury’s Decision-Making Process Errors
  • 13:5510 Review of the Jury Verdict by the Trial Judge
  • 13:5511 Generally
  • 13:5512 Standard of Appellate Review
  • 13:5513 Unresponsive or Conflicting Answers
  • 13:5514 No Evidence
  • 13:5515 Verdict or Answers Contrary to Law
  • 13:5520 Appellate Intervention






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